Hepatic lipidosis, also known as fatty liver, is the most common liver disease of cats. It affects adult, obese cats of any age sex or breed. This is a serious disease, but with early diagnosis and aggressive treatment, cats can achieve a complete recovery.

CAUSE…
The exact cause is unknown, but stress appears to be the trigger. Any change in the cat’s environment that leads to anorexia can start the disease process. Changes might be a new diet, boarding, an illness or a new home. Other disease processes, such as, diabetes can also be a factor. Anorexia that lasts longer than one week in an obese cat can lead to hepatic lipidosis.

SYMPTOMS…
The cat obviously does not feel well. Symptoms may include anorexia, obesity, sudden weight loss, sporadic vomiting and depression.

DIAGNOSIS…
A complete blood count and serum chemistries are run to look for changes in liver function values as well as for any changes that indicate other disease processes. Abdominal x-rays and ultrasound are done to look for changes in the liver and any other abnormalities. A liver biopsy is the definitive diagnostic test.

TREATMENT…
Aggressive nutritional support is the most immediate and important step. This will usually require the use of a feeding tube. Your cat will be hospitalized while initial nutritional needs are met and any underlying medical conditions are addressed. Once your cat is stabilized treatment can be continued at home. The feeding tube will remain in place until your cat is eating enough to support nutritional needs, so, you will be taught to administer feedings at home.

PROGNOSIS…
With early diagnosis and aggressive nutritional support, the prognosis is favorable. Any underlying disease process will affect recovery.

PREVENTION…
Obesity is a major risk factor for developing hepatic lipidosis so preventing obesity is the number one thing you can do. However, it is important that weight loss occurs slowly. A drastic change in caloric intake can trigger hepatic lipidosis. Monitoring your cat’s eating, especially during stressful times, and seeking veterinary care quickly if your cat shows signs of anorexia is key to early diagnosis and recovery.