Sarcoptic mange (scabies) is caused by a small mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, which burrows into the skin and causes itching by releasing irritating and allergenic secretions. The itching is often severe and poorly responsive to treatment with antihistamines and steroids.

Early signs are vague other than generalized itching. It must be differentiated from atopy, food allergy, demodicosis, Malassezia, Cheyletiella and other conditions. As the condition progresses, common signs are crusty ear margins, hair loss and thickened skin on elbows, hocks, ventral abdomen and chest. Scabies is contagious to both other dogs and people. Itchy pets with itchy owners arouse suspicion.

The condition is easy to suspect but often difficult to prove. Mites generally do not show up on skin cytology. If they are suspected, we usually begin treatment and watch the response. The most common treatments involve the use of ivermectin products, with the exception of Collies who often react adversely to ivermectin.