Seizures are caused by excessive and uncontrolled discharges of neurons within the brain. Although there are many different manifestations of seizures, each depending on what portion of the brain is being affected, the most common form is a generalized, grand mal seizure. In these instances, the motor cortex fires excessively, resulting in generalized convulsions, salivation, loss of consciousness, and urination.

CAUSE...
It is important to recognize that a seizure is not a disease but a symptom of one of many possible diseases. Some of the causes that must be considered are epilepsy, low blood sugar, calcium and electrolyte imbalances, bacterial and viral infections, heart disease, kidney or liver failure, drug reactions and tumors.

DIAGNOSIS…
The most important factor for seizure control is to identify and appropriately treat the underlying cause. Seizure diagnosis is not always easy. It is sometimes difficult to decide if the problem observed is even a seizure. There is no test that tells us that a seizure has occurred so the pet owner’s accurate description is very helpful in making the diagnosis.
Medical evaluation usually begins with a physical examination, blood count, chemistry profile and parasite tests. Other tests (electrocardiogram, referral to a neurologist, X-ray, spinal tap, CT scans, MRI, etc.) may be recommended based on initial findings.

TREATMENT...
The type of treatment is determined by the cause of the seizure.

PROGNOSIS...
The prognosis depends on the underlying cause. The prognosis for epilepsy is good although your pet usually requires daily medication for life. In most cases seizures can be eliminated or well controlled and most patients live a normal, happy life. Patients on medication require a periodic physical examination and lab tests.

WHAT TO DO IF YOUR PET HAS A SEIZURE...

• Don’t put objects or your hands in your pet’s mouth. They will not “swallow their tongue” (as some people may try to tell you) and the involuntary chewing motion can cause severe bite wounds.
• Make sure they don’t injure themselves by falling off of furniture or down stairs.
• Speak to you pet in a quiet, comforting voice. Loud sounds and other stimuli can make seizures worse.
• Be patient. There is nothing you can do to end the seizure—you must wait for it to run its course.
• Call the office (913-631-1736). If after hours, call the Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, 11950 W. 110th Street (913-642-9563) or Mission MedVet, 5914 Johnson Drive (913-722-5566).